편집 : 정확히 무슨 일을 넣어.

localhost암호없이 SSH로 연결해야 합니다 (공개 키로)하는 일반적인 방법은 작동하지 않습니다.

user@PC:~$ rm -rf .ssh/*
user@PC:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa > /dev/null
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
user@PC:~$ ls .ssh/
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
user@PC:~$ ssh-copy-id -i localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is f7:87:b5:4e:31:a1:72:11:8e:5f:d2:61:bd:b3:40:1a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
user@localhost's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'localhost'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

user@PC:~$ ssh-agent $SHELL
user@PC:~$ ssh-add -L
The agent has no identities.
user@PC:~$ ssh-add
Identity added: /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa)
user@PC:~$ ssh-add -L
ssh-rsa ...MY KEY HERE

user@PC:~$ ssh-copy-id -i localhost
user@localhost's password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'localhost'", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

user@PC:~$ ssh localhost echo 'testing'
user@localhost's password:

user@PC:~$

마지막 명령에서 볼 수 있듯이 여전히 암호를 묻습니다. 어떻게 해결할 수 있습니까 ?? 우분투 -10.04, OpenSSH_5.3p1

EDIT2 :

sshd에 대한 정보 추가

user@PC:~$ cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep Authentication
# Authentication:
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# PasswordAuthentication yes
#KerberosAuthentication no
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.

EDIT3 : $ ssh -vv localhost의 광고 결과

$ssh -vv localhost
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/identity
debug1: Offering public key: /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Trying private key: /home/user/.ssh/id_dsa
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: Next authentication method: password
user@localhost's password:

EDIT4 :

파일이 동일한 지 확인하고 md5sum이 동의하는지

답변

user@PC:~$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh localhost 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

$ eval `ssh-agent`
$ ssh-add

$sshd -Dd

$chmod 750 $HOME

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"
# Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label
# Generating public/private rsa key pair.

# start the ssh-agent in the background
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
# Agent pid 59566
ssh-add

 ls -l .ssh/
 total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 swati swati  399 May  5 14:53 authorized_keys
-rw-r--r--. 1 swati swati  761 Jan 12 15:59 config
-rw-------. 1 swati swati 1671 Jan 12 15:44 id_rsa
-rw-r--r--. 1 swati swati  399 Jan 12 15:44 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r--. 1 swati swati  410 Jan 12 15:46 known_hosts

drwx------.   2 swati swati    4096 May  5 14:56 .ssh

Port 22
Protocol 2
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes
PasswordAuthentication no
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
MaxStartups 2
AllowUsers peter paul mary
LogLevel VERBOSE

cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys